Numerical electromagnetic analysis using the FDTD method

Abstract

In this chapter, applications of the FDTD method to lightning electromagnetic field and surge simulations are reviewed. The structure of this chapter is as follows. In section 6.2, the fundamental theory of the FDTD method is briefly described, and advantages and disadvantages of the FDTD method in comparison with other representative NEA methods are identified. In section 6.3, seven representations of the lightning return-stroke channel used to date are described. In section 6.4, representative applications of the FDTD method are reviewed. They include simulations of (i) lightning electromagnetic fields at close and far distances, (ii) lightning surges on overhead power transmission lines and towers, (iii) lightning surges on overhead power distribution lines, (iv) lightning electromagnetic environment in power substations, (v) lightning electromagnetic environment in airborne vehicles, (vi) lightning surges and electromagnetic environment in buildings, and (vii) surges on grounding electrodes.