Numerical characterization of 1D-Photonic crystal waveguide for female reproductive hormones sensing applications

Abstract

The current work investigates the detection of a wide range of estradiol and progesterone hormone concentrations by the use of a defective 1D photonic crystal. The suggested structure consists of repeating layers of PbS and SiO2, with a central cavity layer. The transfer matrix technique is manipulated to examine the transmission spectrum of the proposed structure. The mainstay of the present work is to analyse the shift in the wavelength of the defect mode concerning the changes in different concentrations of hormones that are infiltrated into the cavity layer. In the course of a simulation, various geometrical parameters such as the thickness of the cavity layer and incident angle are properly optimized to envisage high performance. The colour map plot is investigated to convey a clear view of the shift of defect mode position concerning the change in incident angle. Moreover, all the sensing parameters like sensitivity, figure of merit, quality factor, signal-to-noise ratio, sensor resolution, and limit of detection are evaluated for each hormone at different incident angles. The main application behind this study is that it is important to sense the levels of estradiol and progesterone hormones for balanced needs in a women's reproductive system as well as to monitor the overall health systems. This proposed structure is suitable for bio-sensing applications due to their cost-effective fabrication and high performance.