Abstract
In this manuscript, we have explored the photonic biosensing application of the 1D photonic crystal (PhC) (AB)NCDC(AB)N, which is capable of detecting reproductive progesterone and estradiol hormones of different concentration levels in blood samples of females. The proposed structure is composed of an air cavity surrounded by two buffer layers of material MgF2, which is sandwiched between two identical 1D sub PhCs (AB)N. Both sub PhCs are made up of alternate layers of materials, SiO2 and Si, of period 5. MATLAB software has been used to obtain transmission characteristics of the structure corresponding TE wave, only with the help of the transfer matrix method. The mainstay of this research is focused on the dependence of the intensity and position of the defect mode inside the photonic bandgap with respect to reproductive hormone concentrations in blood samples, change in the thickness of the cavity region and change in angle of incidence corresponding to TE wave only. The proposed design shows high sensitivity of 98.92 nm/nmol/L and 96.58 nm/nmol/L when the cavity of a thickness of 340 nm is loaded with progesterone and estradiol hormones of concentrations of 80 nmol/L and 11 nmol/L, respectively, at an incident angle of 20°. Apart from sensitivity, other parameters such as quality factor and figure of merit have also been computed to gain deep insight about the sensing capabilities of the proposed design. These findings may pave the path for the design and development of various sensing devices capable of detecting gynecological problems pertaining to reproductive hormones in females. Thus, the simple design and excellent performance makes our design most efficient and suitable for sensing applications in industrial and biomedical fields.
Highlights
photonic crystal (PhC) are the multilayer structures in which the refractive index of the constituent materials modulates periodically
The proposed biosensor works on the principle to detect minute change in the refractive index of blood samples containing progesterone and estradiol reproductive hormones of different concentrations
We have investigated how 1D PhC structure (AB)5 CDC(AB)5 with a defect layer of air surrounded by MgF2 material layers can be used as a reconfigurable biosensor to detect progesterone and estradiol reproductive hormones of different concentrations in blood samples of females
Summary
PhCs are the multilayer structures in which the refractive index of the constituent materials modulates periodically. Any minute change in the refractive index of the defect layer region due to change in the concentration of the samples to be investigated causes a corresponding change in the position of the resonant mode inside PBG, because of the strong confinement of electric field inside defect layer region This is the basic principle behind the sensing and detection mechanism of any high-performance biosensor working in the photonic domain. Motivated by the aforementioned piece of excellent research work [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36] in this paper, we propose a 1D photonic crystal (PhC) capable of sensing minute change in the refractive index of blood samples containing progesterone and estradiol reproductive hormones of different concentration levels in women. The organization of the proposed work is as follows: Section 2 presents the theoretical formulation of the proposed and discussionsare of the proposed of the proposed work are presented in problem
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