Numerical and experimental analysis on spray characteristics of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) using pressure swirl atomizer

Abstract

Atomization characteristics and evaporation have major role in air-fuel mixing and the combustion process in diesel engine. The aim of this study is to perform numerical and experimental analysis to investigate the spray pattern of biodiesel (waste cooking oil) generated from pressure swirl atomizer. The computation exhibits Eularian-Lagrangian method to comprise flow of multiphase and also linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to envisage atomization, sheet breakup, and film formation. The model's strength is the identification structure of spray created from pressure swirl atomizer. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics work consisting of LISA and Taylor analogy breakup model are certified via experimentation taken from constant volume chamber. Further, spray tip penetration, cone angle, and sauter mean diameter (SMD) are identified for fuel (B100, B25, and D) under injection pressure of 110 and 160 MPa, and 2.8 MPa ambient pressure using swirl atomizer in constant volume chamber. This particular spray is quite important for application in diesel engines but is not extensively explored. The results reveal that as injection pressure increases from 110 MPa to 160 MPa. The spray tip penetration for B100, B25, and D are increased by 19.86%, 14.90%, and 14.50% respectively, further, cone angle at the start of injection decreases by 6%, 5%, and 3.41%, similarly, the average SMD decreases by 25%, 33.33%, and 25.4%, respectively. This is due to the rheological property of fuel, turbulent energy of droplet and air is maximum in primary breakup zone.