A Review: Non-Evaporating Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel Jatropha and Palm Oil and Its Blends

Abstract

The study on the Non-evaporating spray characteristics in biodiesel is imperative to comprehend the conduct of the spray in different biodiesel. Non evaporating spray characteristics give some parameters, such as spray cone (plume) angle, spray (tip) penetration and droplet size. This paper reviews that methyl ester or biodiesel fuel from Jatropha (BDFJ) and biodiesel fuel from palm oil (BDFP) have similar characteristics of Diesel Fuel (DF). Biodiesel derived from palm oil and Jatropha oil have longer cone angle and spray (tip) penetration than DF. In biodiesel, high surface tension and viscosity, caused by the slower separation, can lead to shorter cone angle and higher penetration. Spray tip penetration will increment with the increasing of mixing proportion in biodiesel blends. In the cone angle, palm methyl ester gives a smaller angle than DF. The characteristic of cone angle is decreased when the percentage of the proportion of biodiesel is expanded. In Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), diesel fuel sprays are smaller than the biodiesel spray. The SMD diminishes when the injection pressure is expanded. It happens because of the biodiesel has high viscosity that can expand the friction among the fuels to the surface of the nozzle. Hence, a study of biodiesel is needed before conducting the experiment of non-evaporating spray. Mainly, the fuel properties such as surface tension, viscosity and density play critical parts in the conduction of non-evaporating spray characteristics of biodiesel and its blends.