Abstract
Due to the strong pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum, a variety of strategies have been used to develop antibacterial agents; however, antibacterial drugs with targeted effects on R. solanacearum remain lacking. Herein, we present a nanoagent targeting R. solanacearum based on our previous research on poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles (PLGA-NPs) loaded with methyl caffeate and caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Antibodies that have specific effects on R. solanacearum, which were verified using immuno-PCR, were first used to prepare PLGA-targeted nanoparticles (PLGA-TNPs). The antibody coupling process was investigated in terms of antibody binding degree and antibacterial activity. The EC50 value of PLGA-TNPs was 0.021 mg/mL, which was significantly reduced by 92% in comparison to PLGA-NPs. PLGA-TNPs had a perforating effect on the cell membrane of R. solanacearum, but no effects on Escherichia coli according to the SEM results. In addition, a downregulation of the pathogenicity-related genes compared to PLGA-NP treatment was observed, and the expression of egl, phcA, phcB, pilT, polA-238, and pehC decreased by 78, 79, 87, 61, 58, and 41%, respectively. Therefore, PLGA-targeted nanoparticles not only enhance the activity against R. solanacearum, but also provide a new idea for controlling bacterial wilt.
Highlights
Accepted: 1 June 2021Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen that causes plant bacterial wilt, one of the most severe diseases affecting the production of many important crops worldwide [1]
Oligo-galacturonic acid is a powerful stimulator of the plant defense response [32]
The expression levels of the control group, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) treatment group, and conventional NP treatment group were 20.45, 5.59, and 1.69 times higher than those of the targeted NP treatment group, respectively, drug nanocrystallization could inhibit the expression of the pehC gene
Summary
Accepted: 1 June 2021Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen that causes plant bacterial wilt, one of the most severe diseases affecting the production of many important crops worldwide [1]. After a plant is infected, the leaves of the plant still appear green, but symptoms of wilting soon appear Due to this feature and the degree of damage, farmers and scientists in China call it “bacterial wilt” (Qing Ku Bing) [1]. Major crops and economic plants such as potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, and mulberries can be infected [2] These crops have been plagued by this disease over the years, causing little or no harvest and severely damaging the livelihoods of farmers. In the pre-infection stage, R. solanacearum invades plant roots through secondary roots and root wounds multiply in the interstices of epidermal and cortical cells and activates PrhA (a plant regulator of the Hrp gene), which regulates type III and type II secretion systems through two regulatory pathways [4]. One of the pathways is that PrhA regulates the gene expression of PrhI and PrhJ sequentially
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