Abstract
The hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone tissue repair material. The improvement of the antibacterial performance is an aroused general interest. In the present study, the silver ion and nano-zinc oxide modified hydroxyapatite whiskers (HAw) were successfully prepared. The microstructure and the composition of the modified HAw were analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). SEM analysis showed that the length of the whiskers was 70–190 μm, and the aspect ratio was 10–60. With the increase of Ag+ content, the length and aspect ratio of the whiskers gradually decreased and incomplete spherical hydroxyapatite appeared. FEEM analysis showed that nano-zinc oxide particles on ZnO/3Ag-HAw surface are evenly distributed; the average particle size is less than 30 nm. XRD analysis showed that after sol-gel and calcination treatment, the nano-zinc oxide phase appeared in the diffraction pattern of ZnO/Ag-HAw. TEM analysis showed that the interplanar spacing of 5Ag-HAw increased slightly. The CCK-8 and cells co-culture assays were used to assess the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, respectively. The antibacterial abilities of the modified HAw against E. coli (ATCC25922) and S. aureus (ATCC6538) were investigated. The cell cytotoxicity test showed that the cytotoxicity level was 0, and there was no cytotoxicity. Cell adhesion experiments showed that ZnO/3Ag-HAw has good cell compatibility and biological activity. The modified hawthorn has a bacteriostatic rate of more than 90% and has good bacteriostatic activity.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone tissue repair material due to its similarity in bone composition, excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, bioactivity and nontoxicity properties
The SEM micrographs of the Pure-hydroxyapatite whiskers (HAw) and Ag-HAw (Figure 1a–d) revealed that the size of the Ag-HAw was varied with the different amounts of doped silver ions
The results show that S. aureus bacteria were seemingly more sensitive to nano zinc oxide particles compared to E. coli (Tables 5 and 7)
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone tissue repair material due to its similarity in bone composition, excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, bioactivity and nontoxicity properties. The ideal stent material needs to have certain antibacterial properties In this aspect, the antibacterial properties of HAw are too poor to prevent bacterial infection when used as a kind of raw material for a bone scaffold. Many studies have reported that the substitution of Ca2+ with other metal ions such as Cu2+, Ce3+, Ag+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ is one of the most effective ways to improve the properties of HA [6,7,8].
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