Abstract
This paper deals with three species of Campyloneurum occurring in Costa Rica and Panama. The first, C. concavum, is described as new. It is endemic to the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. Previously, it was identified as either C. brevifolium and C. coarctatum, but it is amply distinct from those species and from the similar C. abruptum of South America. The second species, C. falcoideum, is also shown to be endemic to mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. It does not occur in South America as previously reported. We show here, for the first time, that C. wercklei, with type from Costa Rica, is a synonym of C. falcoideum. The third species, C. sphenodes, with type from Venezuela, has not been properly understood since its original description. We designate a second-step lectotype for it. We show for the first time that it has two taxonomic synonyms: C. sublucidum, with type from Costa Rica, and C. inflatum, with type from Colombia. Given this revised circumscription of C. sphenodes, it geographical distribution is now understood to be Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
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