Abstract
An experimental study is presented for the dynamic behavior of a liquid in a cylindrical container subject to horizontal oscillation. The nonlinear effects on dynamic characteristics of the liquid-surface response are investigated. At low excitation accelerations, the liquid surface responds in a concentric standing wave. For excitation accelerations above a critical value, a surface instability leads to azimuthal standing waves at half the excitation frequency. The time-dependent amplitudes of the standing waves have been measured using an optoelectronic device equipped with a laser diode as a light source. The frequency spectrum of the local surface deformation also has been computed using fast-Fourier-transform methods. It was found that a subharmonic bifurcation occurred at the critical excitation acceleration. At higher excitation accelerations, the free surface responses became chaotic. In order to visualize the attractor, phase portraits were constructed by embedding the trajectories in a two-dimensional phase space.
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