Abstract
[Purpose]The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) as a new strategy to increase energy expenditure, and to manage obesity.[Methods]The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed and the Google Scholar search engine, using the search terms obesity, energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and sitting disease.[Results]Daily energy expenditure is of great interest because most obese individuals have no exercise activity-related thermogenesis (EAT); thus their physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) is comprised almost entirely of NEAT. Consequently, NEAT represents the main variable component of daily total energy expenditure (TEE); this varies considerably, both within among individuals. These somewhat unplanned and unstructured low level physical activities are associated with energy expenditure in excess of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). They may therefore have the potential to stimulate greater energy expenditure over time with a higher rate of adherence.[Conclusion]In conclusion, NEAT is a highly variable component of daily TEE and a low level of NEAT is associated with obesity. NEAT enhances lifestyle, and variations in individual and environmental factors can significantly affect daily energy expenditure. Therefore, well designed longitudinal studies that focus on personal behavioral approaches and re-engineered environments to increase NEAT should be conducted in the future.
Highlights
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide; obesity rates are increasing in adults and children[1]
resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the minimal amount of energy expended for homeostatic processes[23,24], and it accounts for approximately 60% of daily total energy expenditure (TEE) in a mainly sedentary individual[26]
The third main determinant of TEE is physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) that accounts for 15% to 30% of TEE
Summary
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide; obesity rates are increasing in adults and children[1]. 600 million adults and 100 million children were obese in 20152. In 2013, the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease[3]. Individuals are considered to be obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing body weight by the square of height (kg/m2), exceeds 30 kg/m2, with a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2 defined as overweight[1]. Obesity has been found to reduce life expectancy. Obesity poses serious public health and policy problems because of its prevalence, health effects and health-care costs[8]
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