Abstract
We present Brillouin optical microscopy for noncontact, label-free, and 3D interrogation of live cell mechanical properties. This technique is based on the interaction of light with spontaneous acoustic phonons. By measuring the optical frequency shift of the scattered light, the longitudinal modulus of the medium is determined. Mechanically, Brillouin interaction can be thought of as a test that measures the ratio of uniaxial stress and strain in confined compression conditions at high frequency. We show that Brillouin microscopy is sensitive to liquid-solid regulation within cells under different osmotic conditions and directly validate our measurements to gold-standard micro-indentation. Moreover, we show Brillouin microscopy can detect intracellular mechanical changes due to actin cytoskeletal changes such as polymerization, branching and network disruption. Finally, enabled by the non-contact nature of the technique, we investigate the mechanical behavior of cells cultured on 2D flat substrates vs when they are embedded in 3D meshwork of proteins.
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