Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is a continuum of histological lesions of the liver from steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH with fibrosis, cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology encompasses a dysfunction in fatty tissue (sub-cutaneous and visceral) associated with insulin-resistance and metabolic inflammation.Patients with NAFLD are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. NAFLD adversely affects not only the coronary arteries (promoting accelerated coronary atherosclerosis) but also all other anatomical structures of the heart, conferring an increased risk of cardiomyopathy (mainly left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy, leading to the development of congestive heart failure), cardiac valvular calcification (mainly aorticvalve sclerosis), cardiac arrhythmias (mainly atrial fibrillation) and some cardiac conduction defects. Studies have shown that the association between NAFLD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is independent of shared risk factors.
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