Abstract
AbstractMethods and results for field estimation of nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of grasses and cereals and the problem of choosing a reliable method for estimates based on acetylene reduction tests are reviewed. Growth and nitrogen fixation of Azotobacter spp. and of Spirillum lipoferum in plant rhizospheres are discussed on the basis of their physiology. Special consideration is given to the oxygen sensitivity of the nitrogenase reaction and adaptation to microaerophilic conditions, plant root exudates, plant specificity and genotype, mineral nitrogen and to microbial synergism, antagonism and competition. A better understanding of factors essential for a successful saprophytic competition of S. lipoferum in the root environment could allow utilization of its nitrogen fixing potential in crop production. Examples of growth promoting and ineffective associations of this organism with various graminaceous host plants are given.
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