Abstract
Neuroglia of the central nervous system, represented by astroglia, oligodendroglia and microglia, are fundamental for life-long support of homeostasis, plasticity and defence of the neural tissue. In particular neuroglial cells contribute to the cognitive reserve, which defines the neurological and cognitive outcome of both physiological and pathological ageing. Physiological ageing is accompanied with structural and functional decline of neuroglia. In particular, astrocytes undergo morphological atrophy and functional asthenia which compromises their vital functions such as glutamate clearance, K+ buffering and synaptic support. Old oligodendrocytes lose their myelination capacity, which results in the thinning of myelin sheath and atrophy of white matter. Finally, ageing is associated with accumulation of dystrophic microglia which limits neuroprotection. Age-dependent neuroglial decline impedes cognitive reserve, contributes to cognitive impairment, and increases vulnerability of the nervous system to neurodegeneration. Life style changes positively impact on neuroglial structure and function this improving cognitive longevity. Keywords: ageing; cognitive longevity; neuroglia, astroglia, oligodendroglia; oligodendroglial precursor cells; microglia
Published Version
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