NET-ZERO CARBON CHARGING STATIONS MATHEMATICAL MODELING WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION

Abstract

This research proposal is aimed towards the development of charging stations which are powered by renewable energy sources. The two sources used to replace traditional fuels are the wind turbines and solar photovoltaic cells. The goal is to perform mathematical analysis for economical and eco-friendly charging station for electric vehicles. With the increase in use of electric vehicles, the use of EV chargers also increases, and enough chargers should be available throughout the globe for promoting this trend. The EV chargers are powered through grids and conventional energy synchronized with wind turbine, solar power and battery packs. The solar and wind energy provide the energy to the EV charger for charging of battery packs. But when they are completely charged or not in use, the excess generation is sent back into the local distribution system. This not only lowers the load on our distribution system but also reduces the losses experienced from GENCOs to DISCOs. The reverse metering is also enabled to earn from the investment. Through this no generation is wasted and we can get credit from the electricity company. The wind and solar power are not constant and vary according to the location and time, so a model is designed to optimize the system size for wind, solar and battery pack. The cost is optimized to keep the annual cost of the charging station to a minimum. A total of ten cities are chosen around the globe having different wind and solar characteristics. A mathematical model is prepared which estimates the source capacity. The simulation results justify that we can achieve zero carbon footprint for charging electric vehicles where sunny weather or winds prevail.