Abstract
For multiple microgrids (MMGs) with different zone consumption characteristics in active distribution network (ADN), it is a challenge to combine technical issue about grid operation security and economic issue about energy trading revenue together. To tackle this challenge, a network-constrained peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading method considering differentiated zoning pricing is proposed for MMGs. The proposed method consists of three parts: 1) a leader–follower energy trading framework considering different consumption characteristics is developed based on Stackelberg game theory with a unique Stackelberg equilibrium (SE); 2) the utility function of distribution network operator (DNO) is conducted by considering different zones buying and selling prices, in order to minimize the operation costs, and to deal with technical issue by reshaping the power flow and on-load tap changer (OLTC) of transformers for power loss reduction and voltage regulation; 3) the utility function of prosumers within MGs is conducted based on differentiated zone prices to maximize their profit by managing the demand response (DR) behavior of shiftable load, battery storage (BS), and plugin electric vehicle (PEV) in charging station (CS). Numerical results for 3-MGs system, modified by IEEE 33-bus distribution network, have verified the effectiveness of the proposed network-constrained and zone pricing leader–follower P2P energy trading method.
Published Version
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