Navigating the Ravages of Riverbank Erosion: Socio-economic and Environmental Impacts in the Nalua Union of Bakerganj Upazila

Abstract

The study delves into the persistent threats posed by climate change-induced phenomena, notably river bank erosion, within the Bengal Delta, focusing specifically on the Nalua Union in Bakerganj Upazila, Barishal District. Utilizing a multifaceted methodology encompassing satellite imagery analysis, field observations, and questionnaire surveys, the research aims to evaluate the potential displacement of residents due to river bank erosion and its attendant socio-economic and environmental repercussions. Nestled at the confluence of the Pandob and Karkhana rivers, the study area contends with recurrent and severe bank erosion, resulting in profound infrastructural and livelihood disruptions. Analysis of satellite imagery spanning 2016 to 2023 underscores the dynamic nature of erosion and accretion processes, with coastal erosion encompassing 2.15 sq. km and accretion covering 1.75 sq. km. Economic ramifications of erosion-induced damages amount to USD 300 million annually, disproportionately affecting agricultural sectors and rural communities. Beyond economic loss, the study investigates the non-economic consequences of river bank erosion, such as social disintegration and environmental damage. Displacement engenders social fragmentation, erodes communal ties, and imperils livelihoods, exacerbating vulnerability among impacted populations. Environmental impacts encompass soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and compromised access to potable water and fisheries resources. This study provides actual evidence for the complex relationship between natural dynamics and human vulnerabilities as a result of river bank erosion. The findings underscore the exigency for comprehensive mitigation and adaptation strategies to address the socio-economic and environmental exigencies precipitated by erosion-induced displacement in the Nalua Union and harmonious vulnerable locales. To develop long-term socioeconomic equilibrium and environmental resilience in coastal locations prone to riverbank erosion, such solutions must incorporate community resilience-building activities, ecosystem-centric approaches, and sustainable land management practices.