Abstract
In the two decades following World War II, the nation-state was globally established as the normal form of the modern state. This normative idea was acknowledged in the right of self-determination of nations. The enemies of national liberation were colonialism and racism. The anticolonial nationalism of Asia and Africa also shared with the Marxism of the Third International a distinction betwen the “bad nationalism” of the Western capitalist countries and the “good nationalism” of the anticolonial movements. It is now being claimed that the world order based on equally sovereign nation-states has fundamentally changed. This essay examines these arguments. It concludes that there is no “empire” based on deterritorialized authority. On the other hand, the normalization of nation-states implies the gradation and ranking of nations with some claiming the power to declare others exceptions to the rule of sovereign equality. Further, within nation-states, the populist politics of ethnic identity can undermine as well as bolster the ideology of nationalism. Neither imperialism nor nationalism has come to an end.
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