Nanoparticles in Pest Incidences and Plant Disease Control

Abstract

Plant disease is a major problem for production, and the decrease in crop yield is the worst outcome of these diseases. Some environmental factors can help relieve the effect of disease directly or indirectly. Growing research in nanotechnology has resulted in development of several nanomaterials that can be applied in various fields of industry. With joining the nanotechnology train, micronutrients, pesticide degradation, and nanosensors can be used more efficiently in plant protection and nutrition, as well as pesticide delivery. Using nanoparticles for plant disease prevention and control is an important topic, since their increased efficiency, durability, and especially, their higher surface-to-volume ratio can stimulate interactions with living cells, unique nanosize structure properties, and uncommon superior physicochemical characteristic, which has caused several hybrid nanomaterials, and several organic and inorganic metal oxide nanomaterials, such as silver, nanoforms of carbon, silica, and alumina-silicates CuO, TiO2, ZnO, and Fe3O4-Ag core shell magnetic nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles suppress movement of substrates witting the microbial cell membrane, basal metabolism of electron transfer systems, and respiration. If autonomous nanosensors linked with the GPS system for the purpose of real-time monitoring are distributed across the field to control crop conditions, a farmer can use nanotechnology to detect plant diseases. There is lack of information regarding plant pathogens, but we found out that nanoparticle can be used effectively for pathogen control due to their easy preparation and affordability which are suitable for formation of new herbicidal materials and new types of fungicidal materials.