Abstract
Nanomedicine contributes to cancer therapeutics in several ways, harnessing some of the remarkable properties of nanomaterials to target tumor cells with increasing specificity. Nano-scale therapeutic strategies enable the simultaneous transport of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs across physical and physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier. Alternative routes of drug administration, such as the intranasal route, have become viable, with more promising therapies for highly lethal tumors like glioblastomas. Cancer nanomedicine allows increased solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs, reducing their toxicity.
 Multi-drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, noble metal nanoparticle drug delivery systems, nanoparticle-based theranostics, and nano-biomarkers may well bring about a sea change in cancer therapeutics. This review presents an overview of the scope of cancer nanomedicine, including immunotherapy for cancer.
Highlights
Nanomedicine, the emerging miracle of the last decades, is at the threshold of broader clinical acceptance and approval
We undertake a review of nanomedicine in the treatment of cancers, with a focus on tumor heterogeneity, immunotherapy, and the potential for potent combination therapies in conjunction with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy
An additional advantage is that NPs with modified surfaces can target receptors and increase the specificity of drug delivery to glioblastomas [18]
Summary
Nanomedicine, the emerging miracle of the last decades, is at the threshold of broader clinical acceptance and approval. Cancer nanomedicine may be the game changer that achieves a long-standing therapeutic objective for all malignancies: safe treatment protocols with low toxicity, and robust, complete, curative end points in the patient's journey back to health and quality of life. We are at the helm of a new era of highly selective cancer treatments that are able to utilize engineered and targeted strategies at the nano scale. Of particular interest is the promise of boosting the patient’s own immunity, facilitating a more robust immune memory, preventing recurrence and improving long-term survival. We undertake a review of nanomedicine in the treatment of cancers, with a focus on tumor heterogeneity, immunotherapy, and the potential for potent combination therapies in conjunction with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy
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