Abstract
The tissue engineering (TE) of dental oral tissue is facing significant changes in clinical treatments in dentistry. TE is based on a stem cell, signaling molecule, and scaffold triad that must be known and calibrated with attention to specific sectors in dentistry. This review article shows a summary of micro- and nanomorphological characteristics of dental tissues, of stem cells available in the oral region, of signaling molecules usable in TE, and of scaffolds available to guide partial or total reconstruction of hard, soft, periodontal, and bone tissues. Some scaffoldless techniques used in TE are also presented. Then actual and future roles of nanotechnologies about TE in dentistry are presented.
Highlights
The application in dentistry of nanomaterials (NM) and tissue engineering (TE) have revolutionized perspectives and are changing their clinical activities
After the discussion of introductory aspects, we can say that the materials obtained using nanotechnology and currently used in TE in dentistry include a wide range of products ranging from simple nanopowders, to nanocarriers, to the establishment of complex scaffolds of different composition and structure
This review shows a context of literature studies about nanomaterials in dentistry and their real applications in dental fields
Summary
The application in dentistry of nanomaterials (NM) and tissue engineering (TE) have revolutionized perspectives and are changing their clinical activities. Dentin has a composition with an inorganic portion (70%) of hydroxyapatite (HA) imperfectly crystallized non-stoichiometrically, with replacements of sodium carbonate or magnesium, and an organic portion (20) represented by type II collagen fibers and water (10%). ‚ small or medium bone losses by mandibular or maxillary cysts or odontogenic tumors None of these pathological situations are resolved clinically with tissue engineering methods, but the research in vitro and in vivo is arriving at this type of application. That will represent the future aspects of research (stem cells, signaling molecules, biomaterials for scaffolds, and nanomaterials technologies) are presented
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