Abstract
Recent advancement in nanotechnology has brought prominent benefits in tissue engineering, which has been used to repair or reconstruct damaged tissues or organs and design smart drug delivery systems. With numerous applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering, it is vital to choose appropriate nanomaterials for different tissue engineering applications because of the tissue heterogeneity. Indeed, the use of nanomaterials in tissue engineering is directly determined by the choice. In this review, we mainly introduced the use of nanomaterials in tissue engineering. First, the basic characteristics, preparation and characterization methods of the types of nanomaterials are introduced briefly, followed by a detailed description of the application and research progress of nanomaterials in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects for future applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering are discussed.
Highlights
In 2011, the European Commission (EC) de ned nanomaterials as “natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate and where, for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions are in the size range 1–100 nm”
This review introduces the types, synthesis, functionalization and characterization of nanomaterials used in tissue engineering, and summarizes the applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering of bone, skin, nerve and dental, and drug delivery
Prakash et al synthesized a graphene oxide (GO)/HAP/Au nanocomposite via the hydrothermal method, and in vitro results indicated that the ternary nanocomposites exhibited higher mechanical properties, good antibacterial property and excellent chemical stability and it can improve the osteoblast cell viability, which means the potential application in bone tissue regeneration.[42]
Summary
In 2011, the European Commission (EC) de ned nanomaterials as “natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate and where, for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions are in the size range 1–100 nm”.1 Different from other forms of materials, nanomaterials have unique physical (minuscule size, high surface energy, magnetic effects, large speci c surface area, etc.), chemical (high reactivity, catalytic ability, resistance to corrosion, etc.) and biological properties (biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, etc.). Different from other forms of materials, nanomaterials have unique physical (minuscule size, high surface energy, magnetic effects, large speci c surface area, etc.), chemical (high reactivity, catalytic ability, resistance to corrosion, etc.) and biological properties (biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, etc.). This review introduces the types, synthesis, functionalization and characterization of nanomaterials used in tissue engineering, and summarizes the applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering of bone, skin, nerve and dental, and drug delivery. 2. Types, synthesis, functionalization, characterization and toxicity of nanomaterials. Different synthesis methods, including physical, chemical and biological, which all possess individual specialties. Many other factors need to be paid more attention to, such as the antigenicity of the product, biocompatibility and toxicity, biodegradability, drug release behaviour, drug's physical and chemical properties, NP size, and surface charge distribution
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