Abstract
This paper presents a focused review on the nanomaterials and associated transduction schemes that have been developed for the selective detection of hydrogen sulfide. It presents a quite comprehensive overview of the latest developments, briefly discusses the hydrogen sulfide detection mechanisms, identifying the reasons for the selectivity (or lack of) observed experimentally. It critically reviews performance, shortcomings, and identifies missing or overlooked important aspects. It identifies the most mature/promising materials and approaches for achieving inexpensive hydrogen sulfide sensors that could be employed in widespread, miniaturized, and inexpensive detectors and, suggests what research should be undertaken for ensuring that requirements are met.
Highlights
Hydrogen sulfide is a gas included in the list of toxic and reactive highly hazardous chemicals from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) [1]
The last few years have seen a systematic increase in the demand for nanomaterials to be integrated in inexpensive, widespread gas detectors or gas sensing networks with superior performance and low power consumption
It has been shown that iron oxide can be used for selectively detecting H2 S, thanks to the chemiluminescence resulting from the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide onto this oxide
Summary
Hydrogen sulfide is a gas included in the list of toxic and reactive highly hazardous chemicals from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) [1]. Detection limits reported for the analysis of hydrogen sulfide in air are 10 mg/m3 (6.7 ppm) for GC employing a flame ionization detector, or 0.2 mg/m3 (130 ppb) in spectrophotometry [5]. These methods are rather expensive, cumbersome, and not suited for implementing a widespread, continuous monitoring of hydrogen sulfide in ambient conditions. Sensors 2017, 17, 391 detectors employ either electrochemical or semiconductor gas sensors These have a lower detection limit of about 1 ppm, they are affected by ambient humidity, their power consumption is rather high, and they require frequent recalibrations, especially when integrated in portable equipment. The object of this review paper is to identify these recent efforts, summarize achievements, identify shortcomings, and discuss future research directions
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