Nanocomposite zinc oxide@ γ-linolenic acid-canagliflozin-fucoxanthin and/or γ-radiation perturbs key metabolic effectors and suppresses the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro

Abstract

Breast cancer is a complicated illness with a variety of biological and clinical traits. Traditional cancer treatments have come under fire for their wide range of adverse effects and ineffective tumor eradication. The current study aims to assess the cytotoxic potential of multifunctional-targeted nanocomposites zinc [email protected] γ-linolenic acid (γ-LA)-canagliflozin (CAN)-fucoxanthin (FX) (ZLCF) and/or γ-radiation (4Gy) against breast cancer cells (BCCs). The well-dispersed ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized using the wet chemical method. ZnO nanoparticles were coated with γ-LA-CAN-FX conjugated with folic acid and were characterized by various assays. The antimicrobial effect was tested. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay, stability, release, selective delivery and cellular uptake of ZLCF in BCCs were performed. Moreover, the anticancer effect of ZLCF was examined on various metabolic effectors linked with cell cycle distribution and apoptotic analysis. The pure ZnO NPs and ZLCF show a resilient anti-bacterial action against E. coli at 20 μg/mL. The data showed a significant anticancer effect of ZLCF and/or 4Gy on BCCs compared with untreated cancer cells due to modulation of metabolic effectors that led to arrest in the sub-G1 and G0/1 phases related with apoptotic of BCCs. It could be concluded that ZLCF nanocomposite succeeded in suppressing of BCCs proliferation and enhanced the radiosensitization. Thus, it could be recommended that ZLCF nanocomposite with radiotherapy be a helpful therapeutic agent for treating breast cancer and would deserve further attention and research onwards.