Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) has been recognized as a vital step which influences pregnancy rates in patients undergoing the in vitro fertilization process (IVF). The safe placement of embryos inside the uterine cavity is essential to obtain an optimal pregnancy rate. However, there is no guarantee that the embryos will remain in the uterine cavity after the procedure. Embryos have been found in catheters, on the cervix, and on the vaginal speculum. The performance of an atraumatic ET is essential to IVF success. The other factor influencing ET are contamination of the catheter with blood, mucus or endometrial tissue, as well as the occurrence of retained embryos. Embryo retention in the catheter is a common phenomenon, encountered by even the most experienced operators. Embryo retained in the transfer catheter or its sleeve require repeat transfer. Pregnancy rates after IVF-ET decrease in a stepwise fashion with the increasing frequency of uterine contractions. To achieve state of maximal uterus relaxation during embryo transfer it is advised to perform ET gently without excessive stimulation of the cervix. Despite revolutionary changes in the embryological laboratory, little has changed with process of ET over past 20 years. Even thought, ET seems to be relatively easy procedure it should be performed by the most experienced operators.
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