N-doping carbon-coated Cu@C(N) nanocapsules synthesized by arc plasma toward high-performance ORR electrocatalyst

Abstract

The development of efficient and cost-effective methods for the synthesis of non-precious metal as the catalytic material for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is addressing a key barrier to fuel cell deployment in a wide range of applications. In this study, core-shell carbon-coated copper nanoparticles (Cu@C) were prepared using arc discharge plasma under argon and hydrogen atmospheres. And nitrogen doping was achieved during the subsequent heat treatment using dicyandiamide as the nitrogen source. The results showed that the catalysts had better ORR catalytic activity, better stability and better methanol tolerance than Pt/C, and the ORR reaction process was nearly four-electron pathway. The successful doping of nitrogen increased the reaction sites. And the addition of copper core improved the conductivity of the catalytic material. Meanwhile, the N-C shell layer protected the Cu nanoparticles from dissolving in aqueous solutions or being chemically oxidized, facilitating the electronic interaction of the core Cu nanoparticles with the N-C shell layer. This study provides an insight into the preparation of high-efficiency non-precious metal-based ORR electrocatalysts by DC arc plasma, a beneficial method.