札幌市における建物用途の時空間構造と居住空間の都心再集中

Abstract

This study clarifies the spatio-temporal structure of buildings in Sapporo City and the reconcentration of dwelling space in the central area. The data used in the analysis are gross floor area ratio (gross floor area of each building use [m2]/district area [m2]), and the data sources are the basic survey data for city planning of Sapporo City in 1980, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. First, this research applies the quasi three-mode factor analysis to a three-dimensional matrix (3,934 districts×14 building uses×5 years), and considers the spatio-temporal structure of the buildings in Sapporo City. Next, it analyzes the locations of houses, apartments, and commercial establishments by direction from the central area, and accessibility to railroad and subway stations. The main results are as follows. Regarding the spatio-temporal structure of buildings in Sapporo City, commercial establishments predominate in the central area, and houses and apartment houses occupy most of the surrounding area. The density of buildings is greater along the subway line. Apartment houses increase in density as opposed to commercial establishments or houses near stations around the central area. It is thought that reconcentration of this dwelling space in the central area is a phenomenon observed during the period of this research, and accelerated from the second half of the 1990s. Moreover, GIS is a useful tool for creating map data with a new boundary line, as well for calculating attribute data accompanying boundary changes in the analyses.