Multi-Objective Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System

Francisco José Vivas,Francisca Segura,Fernando Isorna,Eduardo López,José Manuel Andújar,Jaime Luis Saenz,Adriana Palacio

doi:10.3390/electronics9071074

Abstract

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based energy management system (EMS) for microgrids with a combined battery and hydrogen energy storage system (ESS), which ensures the power balance according to the load demand at the time that it takes into account the improvement of the microgrid performance from a technical and economic point of view. As is known, renewable energy-based microgrids are receiving increasing interest in the research community, since they play a key role in the challenge of designing the next energy transition model. The integration of ESSs allows the absorption of the energy surplus in the microgrid to ensure power supply if the renewable resource is insufficient and the microgrid is isolated. If the microgrid can be connected to the main power grid, the freedom degrees increase and this allows, among other things, diminishment of the ESS size. Planning the operation of renewable sources-based microgrids requires both an efficient dispatching management between the available and the demanded energy and a reliable forecasting tool. The developed EMS is based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), which presents different advantages regarding other controllers: It is not necessary to know the model of the plant, and the linguistic rules that make up its inference engine are easily interpretable. These rules can incorporate expert knowledge, which simplifies the microgrid management, generally complex. The developed EMS has been subjected to a stress test that has demonstrated its excellent behavior. For that, a residential-type profile in an actual microgrid has been used. The developed fuzzy logic-based EMS, in addition to responding to the required load demand, can meet both technical (to prolong the devices’ lifespan) and economic (seeking the highest profitability and efficiency) established criteria, which can be introduced by the expert depending on the microgrid characteristic and profile demand to accomplish.

Highlights

Renewable energy-based microgrids are receiving increasing interest in the research community, since they play a key role in the challenge of designing the energy transition model [1]
The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a multi-objective fuzzy logic-based energy management system (EMS) with Mandani-type structure and inference, for microgrids with combined battery-and-hydrogen energy storage systems (ESS), which ensures the power balance according to the load demand, taking into account the improvement of microgrid performance from technical and economic points of view
This paper has presented a fuzzy logic-based EMS for microgrids with hybrid ESS based on a batteries and hydrogen system, which ensures the power balance according to the load demand, while taking into account the improvement of microgrid performance from a technical and economic point of view

Summary

Introduction

Renewable energy-based microgrids are receiving increasing interest in the research community, since they play a key role in the challenge of designing the energy transition model [1]. The stochastic character exhibited by the most important renewable energy sources (RES), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind, represents a huge disadvantage for the stability, security, and reliability of microgrids. To solve this problem, the integration of energy storage systems (ESS) is required to Electronics 2020, 9, 1074; doi:10.3390/electronics9071074 www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics. Regarding the ESS technology, the combined use of battery-and-hydrogen ESS is a promising solution, especially if hydrogen is produced in the microgrid itself and exclusively through renewable resources [2] This hybrid ESS can be used to meet the load demand, but it can be managed with economic interests. The ESSs can participate in the electrical market by purchasing the energy from the main power grid during the off-peak hours (cheaper energy), storing it, and selling it later to the main power grid during the peak demand hours (more expensive energy)

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Discussion

Conclusion