Abstract
The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera; however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). A total of nine species from China were assigned to the subgenus, including seven novel species, namely Cantharellus aurantinus, C. austrosinensis, C. galbanus, C. luteolus, C. luteovirens, C. minioalbus, and C. sinominior, and two known species, namely C. albus and C. zangii. The detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided based on the newly obtained data, with the comparisons to closely related species. C. zangii was restudied based on the paratype specimens and multiple new collections from the type locality. Futhermore, the Indian species C. sikkimensis was identified as a synonym of C. zangii based on the morphological and molecular analyses. A key to the Chinese species belonging to the subg. Parvocantharellus is also provided.
Highlights
With the development of molecular biology, molecular-based studies have provided a basis for species identification and taxonomic development, especially for the molecular review of some type specimens and for re-classification of some old species based on new collections, so as to make species recognition more effective and accurate [5,6,7,8,9,10]
Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. and Cr. tubaeformis were selected as outgroups based on recent studies [1,2,46]
In our multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, the ingroup sequences resulted in the formation of six main subgenera that is largely consistent with the most recent phylogenetic studies [1,2,8,9,26,34,46]
Summary
Cantharellus species possess a colourful pileus, nearly smooth to lamellate-folded hymenophore with variously forked or anastomosing veins, and smooth basidiospores [1,3,4]. It is easy to recognise Cantharellus species at the genus level in the field solely based on their morphological features. The determination of their taxonomic positions at the species level is extremely complicated owing to overlaps in phenotypic variation among species. The tef 1 gene has been identified as a suitable DNA barcoding marker to determine terminal relationships among closely related Cantharellus species [1,6,11,12,13,14]
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