Abstract
Research on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has often focused on their physical, chemical, and crystalline characteristics. Commercial AuNPs have been applied in the diverse fields of biomedicine, catalysis, photovoltaics, and sensing. In this study, we explored the various activities of AuNPs to widen their applicability. This paper presents a simple and rapid synthesis process of AuNPs with bacteria isolated from a gold mining area. We also investigated the optimization of reaction parameters for AuNP synthesis. The study results revealed that among the isolated strains, Bifidobacterium lactis and Escherichia coli demonstrated the highest capabilities of AuNP synthesis. The optimal pH values for AuNP synthesis by B. lactis (BLAuNPs) and E. coli (ECAuNPs) were 5.0 for 72 h of incubation and 8.0 for 24 h of incubation. The average particle sizes of ECAuNPs and BLAuNPs were 4.2 and 5.6 nm, respectively. Furthermore, these biogenic AuNPs were found to be stable with no aggregation after 3 months of storage. BLAuNPs and ECAuNPs exhibited high levels of antimicrobial, antioxidant, photocatalytic, and antityrosinase activity. Moreover, they were noncytotoxic to skin cells even at 100% melanin inhibitory concentrations. Considering the demonstrated multifunctional activities of AuNPs, BLAuNPs and ECAuNPs have promising potential for commercialization.
Highlights
Accepted: 16 April 2021Nanotechnology is a major emerging research area for the manufacturing of new materials at the nanoscale level, which involves specialized structures, design, devices, and production at the nanometer scale [1]
The analysis of AuNPs biosynthesized by different bacterial strains indicated that at a pH of 7.0, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, E. coli, and B. subtilis exhibited higher yields after 24 h of incubation than after incubation for 48 and 72 h
The optical densities of only AuNPs synthesized by E. coli and B. lactis were higher than 1.4, which indicated the potential of these two strains to synthesize AuNPs
Summary
Nanotechnology is a major emerging research area for the manufacturing of new materials at the nanoscale level, which involves specialized structures, design, devices, and production at the nanometer scale [1]. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) from gold has emerged as a vital application of nanotechnology [2]. Among metal NPs, AuNPs are very useful for efficient drug delivery owing to their simple, well-studied synthesis process and low toxicity [3]. AuNPs with a diameter of ≤5 nm can be used as a catalyst in biomedical reactions [4]. The major biomedical applications of AuNPs include targeted drug delivery, anticancer therapy, molecular imaging in living cells, antimicrobial activities, biosensors, and biocatalysts [4]. Few studies have explored the antioxidant, antityrosinase, and antimelanogenesis properties of AuNPs
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