Multi-scale policy diffusion of marine emissions governance

Abstract

Maritime transport is a global industry governed by a multi-scale regulatory system. This paper employed an innovative iterative policy review methodology for examining policy diffusion in maritime governance systems across different jurisdictions including both the public and industrial sectors. We applied the framework to investigate cross-level policy diffusion in controlling marine emissions and policy dynamics in China’s Greater Bay Area (GBA), one of the world’s most prominent and competitive port clusters. Drawing on empirical evidence from international conventions, regional and state-level directives, port-level policies, and industry initiatives, we identified the variables driving China’s policy evolution on governing marine emissions, highlighting the role of the GBA port cluster in bridging governance practices across different administrative levels. From a public policy perspective, this study shows that the GBA has demonstrated potential for advancing policy innovation in China’s maritime affairs and contributing to the global transition towards sustainable shipping.