Abstract
Restoration of hard tissue in conjunction with adhesive is a globally challenging issue in medicine and dentistry. Common clinical therapies involving application of adhesive and substitute material for functional or anatomical recovery are still suboptimal. Biomaterials with bioactivity and inhibitory effects of enzyme-mediated adhesive degradation can render a solution to this. Here, we designed a novel copper-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (CuBGn) to offer multifunction: metalloproteinases (MMP) deactivation and remineralization and incorporated the CuBGn in resin-dentin adhesive systems, which showed most common failure of MMP mediated adhesive degradation among hard tissue adhesives, to evaluate proposed therapeutic effects. A sol-gel derived bioactive glass nanoparticles doping 10 wt% of Cu (Cu-BGn) for releasing Cu ions, which were well-known MMP deactivator, were successfully created and included in light-curing dental adhesive (DA), a filler-free co-monomer resin blend, at different concentrations (up to 2 wt%). These therapeutic adhesives (CuBGn-DA) showed enhanced (a)cellular bioactivity, cytocompatibility, microtensile bond strength and MMP deactivation-ability. In conclusion, the incorporation of Cu ions releasing nano-bioactive glass demonstrated multifunctional properties at the resin-dentin interface; MMP deactivation and remineralization, representing a suitable strategy to extend the longevity of adhesive-hard tissue (i.e. resin-dentin) interfaces.
Highlights
Enzymatic degradation and hydrolysis represent the main mechanisms responsible for the relatively “short-term” longevity of resin based adhesive-hard tissue interfaces created with simplified adhesive systems[1,2,3]
When bone or dentin is etched with acids before adhesive adjustment or bonded with self-etching adhesives, multifunction: metalloproteinases (MMP) are exposed and activated; this phenomenon occurs in presence of organic acids produced by inflammatory bacteria[7,8,9]
The cellular bioactivity in (Cu)-doped BGn (CuBGn) bioglass was incorporated at different concentration (0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2 wt%) into a co-monomers resin blend (DA) consisting of 70 wt% bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), 28.75 wt% 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 1 wt% ethyl N,N-dimethyl-4-aminobenzoate (EDMAB) and 0.25 wt% camphorquinone (CQ)[25], in order to generate several light-curing experimental CuBGn-dental adhesive (DA) adhesives
Summary
Enzymatic degradation and hydrolysis represent the main mechanisms responsible for the relatively “short-term” longevity of resin based adhesive-hard tissue interfaces created with simplified adhesive systems[1,2,3]. One of the current trends in biomaterials research is the generation of nano-scaled mesoporous bioactive glasses (BGn) with enhanced surface-area/volume-ratio and greater ion-releasing properties, which tackle microsize-induced limitations of conventional melt-quench derived bioactive glasses as an additive in adhesive resin: increase in thickness and viscosity of adhesive layer and insufficient infiltration into dentinal tubules[18]. The bioactivity of such BGn could be potentiated by doping with specific functional and therapeutic ions, such as Sr, Ag, F, Fe, and Cu19–21.
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