Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of major antibiotic contaminants in current aqueous environment. In this paper, waste loofah and melamine were co-carbonized to prepare biochar-doped g-C3N4 (CCN) by a one-pot method and then combined with Co2PMo11VO40 (CoPMoV) using a binder to obtain the novel polyoxometalates (POMs) photocatalytic composites (CCN/CoPMoV). The incorporation of CoPMoV dramatically reduced the photogenerated carrier recombination and led to a small band gap. Under visible light, the synergetic activation from biochar, g-C3N4 and POMs can remove 98.5% of SMX (k = 0.215 min−1) in the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system within 20 min and keep its high stability with the degradation of 88.9% after five cycles. Multi-active sites from CCN/CoPMoV are contributed to develop the most active species of SO4−∙, ·OH, 1O2, and h+. The validity in the degradation of SMX makes CCN/CoPMoV a promising and potential material for the removal of aqueous pollutants in the future.
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