Abstract
One of the key problems of modern biomedical anthropology is the scientific substantiation of the prerequisites for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the introduction of health-saving technologies that take into account its, psychophysiological and personality features. The aim of the study is biomedical and physiological and hygienic assessment of motor activity of students of modern institutions of higher education and scientific substantiation of ways of its optimization. 385 students aged 19 to 21 were under observation during the research. As quantitative criteria for assessing motor activity, the values of daily energy consumption, the number of locomotions in a daily cycle and the duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget of time were used. The qualitative description of the values of motor activity was carried out on the basis of studying the main types of locomotives and their distribution patterns with the allocation of zones of minimal (hypokinesia), optimal (normokinesia) and maximum (hyperkinesia) values. The statistical analysis of the received materials provided for the application of the standard package of applications “Statistica 6.1”. As the norms of motor activity of modern students, the following indicators are determined: daily energy consumption values – 9000-11000 kJ for young women and 11000-13500 kJ for young men; number of locomotions in a daily cycle – 14000-18000 steps for young women and 15000-19000 steps for young men; the duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget time – 130-180 minutes in young women and 140-190 minutes in young men. Among the leading ways of optimizing motor activity are: the implementation of continuous monitoring and individualized integrated assessment of habitual motor activity; taking into account the norms of motor activity of student youth, which provide a beneficial effect on the processes of formation of their health and adaptive capacity of the body of future specialists and the mandatory achievement of their values; development and implementation of a set of measures aimed at optimizing motor activity and rational organization of motor activity of modern students.
Highlights
One of the key problems of modern biomedical anthropology is the scientific substantiation of the prerequisites for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, enhancement of adaptive resources of its organism and quality of life, introduction into the process of vital functions of health-saving technologies that take into account the morphological, psychophysiological and personality features of the person and based on the results of the medical-ecological monitoring of the modern population [1, 4, 8, 18, 32, 34, 35]
During the hygienic estimation of the daily energy consumption of students based on the use of the time-table method, it was found that their mean values were 10247 ± 144 kJ for young women and 12903 ± 246 kJ for young men (p (t)
During determination the structural features of the distribution of the values of the daily students motor activity (MA), it was found that the most significant, according to the degree of distribution in the student environment among the young women, it was necessary to assume the values of daily energy consumption in the range from 10000 to 11000 kJ (22.3%), in the range from 9000 to 10000 kJ (21.2%) and in the range of 8000 to 9000 kJ (19.2%), among young men, the daily energy consumption in the range from 10000 to 11000 kJ (16.2%), in the range of 13000 to 14000 kJ (14.8%) and in the range of 11000 to 12000 kJ (13.4%)
Summary
One of the key problems of modern biomedical anthropology is the scientific substantiation of the prerequisites for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, enhancement of adaptive resources of its organism and quality of life, introduction into the process of vital functions of health-saving technologies that take into account the morphological, psychophysiological and personality features of the person and based on the results of the medical-ecological monitoring of the modern population [1, 4, 8, 18, 32, 34, 35]. As the main components of the MA, based on the positions of the adequate solution of the health problems of pupils and students, it is customary to allocate a focused MA in the course of performing educational or professional activities, MA in the process of physical education, as well as spontaneous MA in their free time [5, 24, 30, 40] Given this fact, the concept of the state of health depends on the level of the usual MA, which is an inalienable attribute of the usual, peculiar to each person, of life, is fully grounded in the studies of O.G. Sukharev [36,37,38,39], according to which the maximum strongest positive impact on the state of health and level of functional capabilities of the organism can be produced only by MA, the total amount of which satisfies the biological need of the organism in movements, promotes health promotion and improvement of functional and corresponds to the value of a certain physiological and hygienic norm to be determined, established and scientifically substantiated [21, 22, 36, 38]
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