Abstract
Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, being preceded only by ischemic heart diseases, 85% of these deaths occur in developing countries. Objective: To analyze the temporal behavior of elderly mortality due to stroke in Brazil, regions and federation units from 2008 to 2019. Methods: Ecological study of time series using Brazil, its regions and federation units as units of analysis. The following categories were collected on the DATASUS online platform :, :, i) length of stay, ii) average length of stay (days), iii) number of deaths, and hospital mortality rate from 2008 to 2019 for Brazil, regions and federative units. In the analyzes, the inflection point regression model was used, the 95% confidence interval and the significance level of 5% (joinpoint regression model) were adopted and the annual percentage change (Annual Percent Change - APC) was calculated. and the entire period (Average Annual Percent Change - AAPC). Results: As for Brazil, there was an average of 7.5 days per hospital stay and a hospital mortality rate corresponding to 16.6%. Among the regions, the highest gross numbers were evidenced in the Southeast with 4427093 days of stay, 7.73 days on average of stay and 99753 deaths. A decrease was observed only in the hospital mortality rate in the South (AAPC: -1.3 CI: -1.9 to -0.7), Southeast (AAPC: -1.3 CI: -1.7 to -0.9) and Northeast (AAPC: -0.7 CI: -1.4 to -0.0) and the average hospital stay for the Southeast (AAPC: -0.7 CI: -1.3 to -0.1). Conclusion: There was a heterogeneous behavior of the variables related to the mortality of elderly people due to stroke in Brazil, in parallel to the stationary behavior of the average hospitalization observed in the regions and units of the federation with the exception of the Southeast, which showed a decrease in the average days spent in study period.
Highlights
Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack
Objectives: The present review study aimed to address the mechanisms of action of capsaicin and other chemical inducers in mast cell degranulation and an interaction of nerves and events that happen in the dura mater with the activation of mast cells
The analyses showed significantly higher frequency of the genotype VV in those who had depression, compared with the allele A
Summary
Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack. Neuroinfections are pathologies that affect the CNS, for example, we have Murcomycosis, a progressive infection caused by opportunistic fungi of the order Mucorales, with high frequency in Immunodepressed patients, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the main underlying pathology associated with the development of Rhinocerebral Murcomycosis, which represents 50% of the cases, with a mortality rate of 70% (Sidrim, 2012, p.168). The COVID-19 pandemic has been alarming the world since its first outbreak in December 2019 In this scenario, the presence of aggravating factors such as the elevation of the D-dimer and the reduction of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) during the clinical course of the disease, collaborated in the appearance of thromboembolic events derived from inflammatory processes and extensive intravascular coagulation, contributing to the emergence of diseases such as Hemorrhagic Stroke (ICH), leading the patient to have a worse clinical prognosis and a consecutive worsening of their health. Despite being classically associated with this etiology, the finding may be present in other diseases, especially infiltrative ones
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