MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF PLACENTA AT ANTENATAL DEATH OF THE FETUS

Abstract

The frequency of placental insufficiency in pregnant women with viral or bacterial infection reaches 50-60%. In case of antenatal fetal death, the afterbirth becomes one of the main sources for diagnosing the infection and determining the causes of its death. Aim of study. Study of the morphological structure of the placenta with antenatal fetal death.Materials and methods. We analyzed the morphological characteristics and microbiological findings of 30 afterbirtes of women with antenatal fetal death (main group) and 25 afterbirtes of women who gave birth to children alive (control group). Results. In women of the main group, the placental thickness was by 15,1%, the volume - by 22,5%, and the area - by 19,6% more than in the control group (p <0,05). The placental-fetal index during intrauterine fetal demise exceeded the indicators in the control group (standard values) by 1.7 times (<0,05). The study of the morphological structure of the placenta in women of the examined groups showed, that the compensatory-adaptive reactions were pronounced in 18 (72%) placentas of the control group and in the 1 placenta (3,3%) in the main group (p <0,05), involutive-dystrophic changes identified in 3 cases in the main and control groups, which amounted to 10% and 12%, respectively (p> 0.05); infectious-inflammatory changes in microscopic examination of the afterbirth found in 26 (86,7%) cases in women of the main and 4 (16%) in control groups(р<0,05). Conclusion. Inflammatory changes in the placenta can cause the formation of placental insufficiency and lead to antenatal death of the fetus.