Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women with Metabolic Syndrome in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of vitamin D in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome and compare it in pregnant women without this syndrome. Materials and methods. 120 pregnant women were examined in the first trimester, of whom 60 women were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome before pregnancy (main group) and 60 patients without metabolic syndrome (control group). Anthropometric measurements were performed and an oral glucose tolerance test and fasting lipid profile (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were determined. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood serum was analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was carried out in Microsoft System Excel 2016 (SPSS). The t-test, Pearson's chi-square were used, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated. Results and discussion. In patients of the main group, the body mass index was by 23.30% higher (p=0.041) than in the control group. In patients with metabolic syndrome, compared with the control group, an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 41.4% (p=0.001) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 44.0% (p=0.053) were detected. In winter, 38.3% were received; in summer – 20.0%. Vitamin D deficiency in the main group was detected in 70.0%, in the control group – 51.7% (p>0.05), 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the main group (30.0%) was less than in the control group (48.3%, p<0.05). According to the data obtained, vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of the main and control groups was higher in winter and lower in summer. There was a direct, weak relationship between vitamin D concentration and body mass index in the main (r=0.175, p>0.05) and control group (r=0.290, p>0.05), as well as a weak, multidirectional correlation with triglycerides (r= 0.109, p>0.05), with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.126, p>0.05) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.107, p>0.05). We studied the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and such indicators as body mass index, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and revealed a weak statistically insignificant correlation. On the contrary, the results of the Chinese study indicate the presence of a correlation that was stronger in the overweight and obese groups. However, this relationship has not been confirmed by all authors, which corresponds to our results showing a weak relationship between body mass index and vitamin D levels. Conclusion. Despite living in one of sunny and warm cities, a high prevalence of low vitamin D levels among pregnant women in the first trimester was revealed – 60.8%. We do not rule out that low vitamin D levels were also associated with metabolic syndrome