Monitoring of displacements and deformations of the earth's surface at the Annensky field

Abstract

In connection with the ongoing depletion of mineral reserves located in relatively favorable conditions, at shallow depths, it is increasingly necessary to involve deposits located in complex mining and geological conditions; occurring at great depths, in complex, poorly studied and potentially dangerous conditions. The deposits developed by the underground method are no exception. Safe and efficient development of mineral deposits by underground method, occurring at great depths, is complicated by the fact that with an increase in the depth of mining, the nature of the course of deformation processes in the rock mass and the degree of their impact on the environment change. Studies of deformation processes, their control and forecast in many cases determine the efficiency and safety of the development of deposits of solid minerals. A practical forecast can be made as a result of continuous tracking in space and time of deformation processes. Currently, to determine the displacements and deformations of the earth's surface of the field, complex monitoring is used, which includes the following methods: - methods of preliminary diagnostics of the rock massif; - repeated high-precision leveling; - satellite geodetic methods, primarily interferometry methods; - other methods of instrumental observations in regional and local areas. It should be noted that ground-based methods used for geomechanical monitoring of earth surface deformations, such as repeated geodetic leveling, as well as the use of satellite geodesy methods, do not fully reflect the temporal detail and spatial scale of the changes in the earth surface deformations. Today, the methods and technologies of space radar interferometry are of particular practical value, which make it possible to obtain areal estimates of vertical and planned displacements of the earth's surface with an accuracy of a few millimeters, regardless of illumination and cloudiness conditions. Space radar interferometry (CRI) is an effective tool for direct mapping of the earth's surface movements and deformations of structures over large areas of the study areas.