Mo-modified P/C composite as anode for high-performance sodium ion batteries

Abstract

Red P is one of the most prospective anode material for sodium ion battery because of its highest theoretical capacity of 2596 mAh g−1 and satisfactory potentials for sodium ions insertion and extraction. However, the large volume expansion during cycles and poor intrinsic electronic conductivity limit the electrical performance practical application of red P. Herein, Mo-modified P/C (PMoC) composite has been prepared through a simple mechanical milling using low-cost anthracite as carbon sources to increase the electrical conductivity and adapt to the volume variation. The addition of Mo plays a crucial role in enhancing electronic conductivity and structural stability of PMoC composite during cycles. The formation of MoP2 facilitates the intimate contact of red P and Mo, providing the superior ionic diffusion and electron conducting pathways between the particles. The electrode of PMoC exhibits high reversible capacity, excellent cycling and rate performance as anode for sodium ion battery. At 0.1 and 0.5 A g−1, the PMoC electrode displays high reversible capacities of 763 and 705 mAh g−1 after 60 and 100 cycles, respectively. Due to the superior electrochemical performance, low cost and simple preparation, the PMoC composite is a prospective negative electrode material for high-performance sodium ion battery.