Molecular Characterization of High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Vaginal Discharge in Women Patients

Abstract

HPV is the major cause of cervical cancer worldwide. It is known as the most common sexually transmitted infection. In the present investigation, we have screened 380 female patients from northern India and found a 15.78% (n=60) abundance of HPV infection among the total screened patients. DNA was isolated from cervical brushings and smears of women of different ages broadly categorized into pre and post-menopausal groups. The confirmation of HPV was tested using early gene (E6 and E7) PCR amplification with HPV-specific primers. The screenings of patients have been carried out by analyzing vaginal discharge (VD), abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Among all, in AUB positive patients, the infection rate of HPV was 21.31%, with PID around 17%, and in VD, the infection was around 25%.We have also found that post-menopausal women show higher infection rates among screened patients, approximately 33%, compared to pre-menopausal women, where it was approximately 17.80%. In the light of the present study, it was concluded that the rate of HPV infection was higher in post-menopausal women and also associated with vaginal discharge, abnormal uterine bleeding, and pelvic inflammatory disease.