Molecular, cellular and surgical processes of osseointegration for dental implants: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: The maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure should be performed based on the cellular and molecular process of osseointegration. In this sense, when grafting procedures are necessary, the success and predictability of the results do not depend only on the biomaterial, but as well as the morphology of the bone defect. Combinations have been proposed to obtain better regenerative conditions through volume preservation (osteoconduction) and induction of cell migration differentiation (osteoinduction). The surface microstructure of Bio Oss® supports the growth of osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Objective: To carry out a concise systematic review of the molecular and surgical processes of osseointegration for dental implants. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic review model (PRSMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The Cochrane Instrument was used to assess the risk of bias from the included studies. Results and Conclusion: In line with the objective of this study, it was observed that the understanding of bone bioengineering, understanding the entire bioprocess of bone formation through the main cells (mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts) and molecules (BMPs, PRP, PRF, cytokines and growth factors), can promote the use of biomaterials and epithelial barriers that help in the treatment as an adjuvant to bone grafting-techniques, favoring greater predictability in alveolar and peri-implant reconstructions and with a good prognosis.