Major clinical findings of maxillary sinus surgery and the use of bio stimulators: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: In the scenario of maxillary sinus surgery, when there is a loss of a dental element in the posterior region of the maxilla, there is natural resorption of the alveolar process and at the same time there will be pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. For this reason, the maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure should be performed. When grafting procedures are needed, our focus is often on the types of biomaterials and their bio stimulating properties, as well as on other types of bio stimulators to be used. Objective: It was to analyze the main clinical findings of maxillary sinus surgery and the use of bio stimulators through a systematic review. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model, following the rules of systematic review – PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The present study was carried out from January to March 2022. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: After analyzing the main clinical findings on maxillary sinus surgery and the use of bio stimulators, it was concluded that bone regeneration processes using biomaterials and the main molecular and cellular constituents such as mesenchymal stem cells, cytokines, platelet-rich plasma, fibrin-rich plasma, exosomes, microRNAs, TNF-α, IL-1, LIF and IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are strategic for the solution to large bone defects, leading to tissue or bone regeneration. The main filler biomaterials can be fibrin-rich plasma (FRP), Bio-Oss®. However, it is necessary to understand the chemical, physical and biological processes of both the biological material and the biological niche of the host for successful neovascularization and bone filling.