Abstract
A convenient procedure was developed for the manufacturing of partially bio-ionic liquids (ILs) from renewable γ-valerolactone (GVL) and cheap and readily available tetraalkylphosphonium bromides with excellent (>99%) yields. The novel ionic liquids were characterized by their temperature dependent vapor pressure, density, viscosity, and conductivity. We have proven that these ILs can be a useful medium for copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling reactions without the use of any ligand or additive, representing an environmentally benign tool for the synthesis of various amines. Twenty cross-coupling products were isolated with good to excellent yields (50–87%).
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