Abstract
Modular symmetry offers the possibility to provide an origin of discrete flavour symmetry and to break it along particular symmetry preserving directions without introducing flavons or driving fields. It is also possible to use a weighton field to account for charged fermion mass hierarchies rather than a Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism. Such an approach can be applied to flavoured Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) which can be greatly simplified using modular forms. As an example, we consider a modular version of a previously proposed $S_4\times SU(5)$ GUT, with Gatto-Sartori-Tonin and Georgi-Jarlskog relations, in which all flavons and driving fields are removed, with their effect replaced by modular forms with moduli assumed to be at various fixed points, rendering the theory much simpler. In the neutrino sector there are two right-handed neutrinos constituting a Littlest Seesaw model satisfying Constrained Sequential Dominance (CSD) where the two columns of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix are proportional to $(0,1, -1)$ and $(1, n, 2-n)$ respectively, and $n=1+\sqrt{6}\approx 3.45$ is prescribed by the modular symmetry, with predictions subject to charged lepton mixing corrections. We perform a numerical analysis, showing quark and lepton mass and mixing correlations around the best fit points.
Highlights
The mystery of the three families of quarks and leptons, and their patterns of masses and mixings, including in particular the origin of tiny neutrino mass with large mixing, remains a good motivation for studying physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM)
We consider a modular version of a previously proposed S4 × SUð5Þ grand unified theories (GUTs), with Gatto-Sartori-Tonin and Georgi-Jarlskog relations, in which all flavons and driving fields are removed, with their effect replaced by modular forms with moduli assumed to be at various fixed points, rendering the theory much simpler
In the neutrino sector there are two right-handed neutrinos constituting a Littlest Seesaw model satisfying constrained sequential dominance where the two columns pofffiffithe Dirac neutrino mass matrix are proportional to ð0; 1; −1Þ and ð1; n; 2 − nÞ respectively, and n 1⁄4 1 þ 6 ≈ 3.45 is prescribed by the modular symmetry, with predictions subject to charged lepton mixing corrections
Summary
The mystery of the three families of quarks and leptons, and their patterns of masses and mixings, including in particular the origin of tiny neutrino mass with large mixing, remains a good motivation for studying physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The CSD scheme ( called Littlest Seesaw [15]) assumes that the two columns of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix are proportional to ð0; 1; −1Þ and ð1; n; 2 − nÞ respectively in the RHN diagonal basis, where n may take any value, giving rise to a large class of CSDðnÞ models. The results of fit at two local minima of χ2 are given in Appendix B
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