Abstract
Ultrasonic phased array transducers can be used to focus or beam steer by correct timing of the output of their elements. The equation used to determine this timing is derived from the geometry of the array transducer, the location of the focusing point and the beam steer direction. However, if the ultrasonic beam propagates across an interface or the elements are comparable in size to the wavelength, this geometrical approach will introduce effects such as decreased focusing performance. A three-dimensional model is constructed, based on Huygens' Principle, to investigate the under-performance of array transducers caused by the application of the simple geometrical focusing approach. Simulated results from both continuous and pulse models are compared. The optimum focusing performance of phased array transducers is investigated, and compared with that achieved using the simple geometrical focusing equation. Approaches to improving the focusing performance of ultrasonic arrays in a number of realistic testing configurations are then described.
Published Version
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