Abstract
Brazilian cities have been constantly exposed to air quality episodes of high ozone concentrations (O3). Known for not be emitted directly into the environment, O3 is a result of several chemical reactions of other pollutants emitted to atmosphere. The growth of vehicle fleet and government incentives for using alternative fuels like ethanol and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) are changing the Brazilian Metropolitan Areas in terms of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde emissions, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) present in the atmosphere and known to act on the kinetics of ozone. Driven by high concentrations of tropospheric ozone in urban/industry centers and its implications for environment and population health, the target of this work is understand the kinetics of ozone formation through the creation of a mathematical model in FORTRAN 90, describing a system of coupled ordinary differential equations able to represent a simplified mechanism of photochemical reactions in the Brazilian Metropolitan Area. Evaluating the concentration results of each pollutant were possible to observe the precursor’s influence on tropospheric ozone formation, which seasons were more conducive to this one and which are the influences of weather conditions on formation of photochemical smog.
Highlights
During the last years Brazilian cities has been exposed to air quality episodes like photochemical smog, a phenomenon characterized by high concentrations of ozone (O3) in lower atmosphere
The precursors considered on equations are basically nitrogen oxides (NOx) (NO and NO2) and VOCs (CH3CHO and HCHO)
It is natural to observe a competition between Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) and NOx to react with OH
Summary
During the last years Brazilian cities has been exposed to air quality episodes like photochemical smog, a phenomenon characterized by high concentrations of ozone (O3) in lower atmosphere. This pollutant is not emitted directly into the environment. In 2005, the sector of transports was responsible for 21% of all energy consumed in Brazil, which have 85% based on petroleum resources. Behind this was the dependence on foreign oil, since that 50% of consumed oil in Brazil was imported. In 1998, the government increased the percentage of ethanol in gasoline to 24% and the use of pure ethanol increased again (Martins et al, 2007)
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