Abstract
Mitochondria, cellular organelles of respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, are found in almost all eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes that live under anaerobic conditions do not have conventional mitochondria but instead contain structurally and functionally reduced mitochondria (mitochondrion-related organelles). The mitochondrion has a primary role in energy metabolism, a role that is intimately connected with its double-membrane structure (outer and inner, each comprising a lipid bilayer). Formation of mitochondria (mitochondrial biogenesis) is under the dual control of the nuclear and mitochondrial genetic systems. The presence of functional DNA in the mitochondrion reflects its evolutionary descent from an endosymbiotic bacterial ancestor.
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