MITOCHONDRIA – AS A TARGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Abstract

Mitochondria—tiny organelles in the cell that each possess their own DNA—have come under a growing scientific spotlight. The traditional view of mitochondria as static organelles has been reassessed. Scientists increasingly believe they play a central role in many, if not most, human illnesses. Mitochondria are often target of toxicity of environmental toxicants resulting in multisystem disorders involving different cells, tissues, and organs. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanism and consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by environmental factors. Recognition of the key role of mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial function in health has grown greatly in recent years. The environment can influence human health and disease in many harmful ways. One such mechanism for this is through environmental factors increasing oxidative stress in the cell, and this stress can subsequently lead to alterations in DNA molecule. Research shows that mitochondrial DNA is uniquely susceptible to the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects are more extensive and longer-lasting in mitochondrial DNA than they are in the nuclear genome. In humans, the most concerning chemicals may be mitochondrial toxins with long half-lives. Examples include lipophilic chemical mixtures such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. Other examples of chronic exposure to mitochondrial toxins are air pollution and cigarette smoking. Compared with its nuclear counterpart, mitochondrial DNA generally has less capacity to repair itself. It specifically can’t delete the large DNA helix–distorting adducts formed when mitochondrial DNA bases are damaged by mutagens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion - Despite numerous existing researches, the specified question requires further study. it is necessary clearer understanding of what specific environmental factors damage mitochondria and how they do so, this is important way to prevent many diseases induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. Keywords: Mitochondria; Environmental Factors; Mitochondrial dysfunction;