Abstract
Milk microbiome: evaluation study on the differences among cows with a different health status classified by leukocyte pattern
Highlights
Mastitis is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology still difficult to understand nowadays
Studies on cattle have demonstrated that the transfer of lymphoid cells from intestines to mammary gland is minor, because the majority of lymphocytes supplying local immunity originate from peripheral lymph nodes rather than from the mucosal lumen of the gut (Kehrli and Harp, 2001), advising that this axis is less functional in ruminants
R group had higher abundances of Fibrobacter, Methanosphaera, Micrococcus, Pleomorphomonas and Ruminobacter than the other groups, while Y presented higher relative abundances (RA) of Acinetobacter, Kaistobacter, Rubrobacter, Sanguibacter and Veillonella genera compared to the other groups
Summary
Mastitis is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology still difficult to understand nowadays. Different studies report that milk contains mastitis pathogens and opportunistic and/or commensal strains (Young et al, 2015; Taponen et al, 2019) From this evidence, it is justified to speculate that a gut-mammary axis exists, as the debated origin of these bacteria is probably environment enrichment and internal. In humans and in mice, this endogenous pathway was reported (Rodriguez, 2014) and it was achieved through the migration of viable bacteria from gut to mammary gland via dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages These cells, found in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), are occasionally able to internalize and translocate resident intestinal microbiota to the mammary gland (Roux et al.,1977; Macpherson and Uhr, 2004).
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