Abstract

为明确肥料氮素在土壤中的迁移转化动态特征, 利用模拟土柱方法, 研究了3倍常规施肥量条件下不同肥料处理(尿素、硫铵)黑土的矿质氮变化。结果表明: 不同氮肥处理的氮素养分迁移转化特征有明显差异。对照处理(不施肥)土柱内各层次间NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N和NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N含量差异不明显; 施用尿素或硫铵后, 表层0~50 mm土层的NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N和NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N含量比不施肥对照分别升高100.8~3 408.1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>、113.4~388.0 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>和126.7~4 671.1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>、51.4~63.3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>, 且在培养前14 d内变化最大。在整个培养期内, 施用硫铵处理各层次NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N平均含量比尿素处理高2.54~1 423.7 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N平均含量低4.38~335.1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>; 而尿素处理各层次的硝化率是硫铵处理的0.79~9.12倍。表明肥料氮素的迁移与转化集中在0~50 mm土层内, 尿素处理的氮素转化速率较硫铵处理高。

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